Hybrid Internet Services

Hybrid Internet Access Networks refer to a special architecture for broadband access networks where two different network technologies are combined to improve bandwidth. A frequent motivation for such Hybrid Access Networks to combine Metro-E leased line & GPON broadband network or with a wireless network such as LTE. The technology is generic and can be applied to combine different types of access networks such as 5G or satellite networks, in order to aggregate, High Availability (HA) and load balance to maximize the throughput.

Possible Service Media

Metro-E

A metropolitan-area Ethernet, or metro Ethernet network is a metropolitan area network (MAN) that is based on Ethernet standards. It is commonly used to connect subscribers to a larger service network or the Internet. Businesses can also use metropolitan area Ethernet to connect their own offices to each other. It has become the most dominant standard protocol in the networking industry

From a service provider perspective, service velocity is a key competitive differentiator. The present lacks of customer centric flexibility as well as the coarseness of bandwidth granularity of TDM and ATM legacy systems are seen to be major impediments to providing promising revenue generating services. On the other hand, Ethernet access services offer a wide range of speeds from 10Mbps to 10Gbps which can provide on demand and quickly.

	Pros Dedicated; stable & reliable with SLA.

	Cons Corporate standard of implementation cost

GPON

A Gigabit passive optical network (PON) is a fiber-optic telecommunications technology for delivering broadband network access to end-customers. Its architecture implements a point-to-multipoint topology in which a single optical fiber serves multiple endpoints by using unpowered (passive) fiber optic splitters to divide the fiber bandwidth among the endpoints. Passive optical networks are often referred to as the last mile between an Internet service provider (ISP) and its customers

	Pros Cheap in cost & fast bandwidth with fibre optics connection

	Cons shared network with no SLA

LTE (4G/5G)

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals, based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies. It increases the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements. LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks.

	Pros fast deployment period

	Cons Shared network with no SLA

Satellite

Satellite Internet access (SIA) is Internet access provided through communication satellites. Modern consumer grade satellite Internet service is typically provided to individual users through geostationary satellites that can offer relatively high data speeds,with newer satellites using Ku band to achieve downstream data speeds up to 506 Mbit/s. In addition, new satellite internet constellations are being developed in low-earth orbit to enable low-latency internet access from space.